So every appliance which works on DC has and AC to DC converter circuit.We previously built a 5v cell phone charger which also has a AC-DC converter circuit in it.Simple Diode Bridge can be constructed either with single semiconductor device like DB107 or with 4 independent diodes like 1N4007.
The other type of converter is SMPS or Switch mode power supply which uses high-frequency small transformer and a switching regulator to provide DC output. The project will be an AC-DC converter using Transformer with an input voltage of 230V and output of 12V 1A. These four diodes are used to convert the 13V AC output across the transformer. ![]() To learn more about Bridge rectifier circuit, follow the link. The transformer is PCB mounted and it is a 1-ampere 13-volt transformer. However, during the load, the transformer voltage drops approximately 12.5-12.7 volt. ![]() Inverter Transformer Diagram Full Bridge RectifierThis is a full bridge rectifier that means the diode bridge rectify both the positive and negative peak of the AC signal. But at the end result, this is not a regulated voltage output. Here the voltage regulation is done by the LDO, LM2940, which is IC1 in the schematic. In few linear regulators, it is denoted that it requires minimum 2 volts difference in between input voltage and output voltage, that means for regulated 12 volts output, the regulator requires at least 14 volts input voltage for guaranteed 12 volts regulated output voltage. In General, Low Dropout Voltage regulators (LDOs) requires very minimum voltage differences between input and output. For LM2940 datasheet it is minimum 0.5-volt difference requires in between the input and the output. Inverter Transformer Diagram Series LDO RegulatorWe used a fixed voltage series LDO regulator from Texas Instruments. It is most commonly in amplifier systems, various power adaptors, soldering stations, testing equipment etc. So a 230V AC to 12V DC converter cannot be powered in 110V AC line. To address this isse, an additional setting is provided for different input voltage levels. The transformer gets heat up and the waste unnecessary energy.
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